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Bacteria shapes 178 answer key12/17/2023 Bagshaped macromolecules - a new outlook on bacterial cell walls. Bacterial protoplasts induced by penicillin. The isolation of protoplasts from Bacillus megaterium by controlled treatment with lysozyme. These proteins form internal structures within cells at locations where they are thought to influence peptidoglycan synthesis or remodelling.įuture research on the nature of the peptidoglycan synthesis machinery and its relationship with the bacterial cytoskeleton is key to our understanding of cell-shape generation. FtsZ is essential for cell division, MreB is a rod shape determinant and crescentin is required for the curved-rod shape of Caulobacter crescentus. These regions of localized peptidoglycan synthesis vary among bacteria and often change during the cell cycle, reflecting different modes of cell growth (longitudinal, septal or polar).īacteria have counterparts of all three eukaryotic cytoskeletal protein classes: FtsZ for tubulin, MreB for actin and crescentin for intermediate filament proteins. Growth of the cell wall is not uniform, but is localized to specific regions. Different PBPs have specific roles in cell division and elongation, and therefore in cell-shape determination. The penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) carry out the reactions for synthesis and remodelling of peptidoglycan. The bacterial cell wall, with its peptidoglycan layer, has a primary role in maintaining cell shape. Our understanding of bacterial cell shape has taken steps forward with the recent discovery of cytoskeletal elements such as cell-shape determinants, but there is still much to learn about how shape is generated and maintained.
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